The I National Meeting on Ethics in Animal Experimentation was held from October 25 to 27, 2006, in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The meeting was organized by the Ethics Committee in Animal Experimentation of the Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu Campus. During the meeting several conferences and symposiums focused on humanism, technology, genetics, statistical and ethical aspects. Also 18 scientific papers were presented in a panel section. It favored the conviviality among specialists of the area and was relevant for a global and integrated understand of laboratory animal science.