Mechanisms of virus resistance and antiviral activity of snake venoms

Rivero JVR (1), de Castro FOF (1), Stival AS (1), Magalhães MR (2), Carmo Filho JR (1), Pfrimer IAH (1)

(1) Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás), Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil; (2) Biological Studies and Research Center (CEPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás), Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil.

Abstract: Viruses depend on cell metabolism for their own propagation. The need to foster an intimate relationship with the host has resulted in the development of various strategies designed to help virus escape from the defense mechanisms present in the host. Over millions of years, the unremitting battle between pathogens and their hosts has led to changes in evolution of the immune system. Snake venoms are biological resources that have antiviral activity, hence substances of significant pharmacological value. The biodiversity in Brazil with respect to snakes is one of the richest on the planet; nevertheless, studies on the antiviral activity of venom from Brazilian snakes are scarce. The antiviral properties of snake venom appear as new promising therapeutic alternative against the defense mechanisms developed by viruses. In the current study, scientific papers published in recent years on the antiviral activity of venom from various species of snakes were reviewed. The objective of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of resistance developed by viruses and the components of snake venoms that present antiviral activity, particularly, enzymes, amino acids, peptides and proteins.

Key words: snake venom, viruses, antiviral agents.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are thankful to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the financial support.

COPYRIGHT

© CEVAP 2011

SUBMISSION STATUS

Received: May 10, 2011.

Accepted: August 24, 2011.

Abstract published online: August 25, 2011.

Full paper published online: November 30, 2011.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

There is no conflict.

FINANCIAL SOURCE

The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) provided the financial grants.

CORRESPONDENCE TO

JOSÉ VITELIO RUIZ RIVERO, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), Rua 232, n.128, Setor Universitário, Área V, 3º andar, 74605-140 Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Phone: +55 62 3946 1403. Email: jvitelioruiz@gmail.com.