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Research article - Vol. 27, 2021 |
Inflammation: improving understanding to prevent or ameliorate kidney diseases
Sheila Marques Fernandes1, Mirian Watanabe1,2 , Maria de Fátima Fernandes Vattimo1
1 Animal Model Experimental Laboratory (LEMA), School of Nursing (EEUSP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
2 Health Sciences and Wellbeing (CISBEM), University Center of United Metropolitan Colleges, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are believed to play an important role in immune response to maintain tissue homeostasis by activating cellular signaling pathways and releasing inflammatory mediators in the injured tissue. Although acute inflammation can be considered protective, an uncontrolled inflammation may evolve to tissue damage, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammation can be considered the major factor involved in the pathological progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Functional characteristics of this organ increase its vulnerability to developing various forms of injuries, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In view of translational research, several discoveries should be considered regarding the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process, which results in the validation of biomarkers for early detection of kidney diseases. Biomarkers enable the identification of proinflammatory mediators in kidney affections, based on laboratory research applied to clinical practice. Some inflammatory molecules can be useful biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of kidney diseases, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1 and interleukin 18.
Keywords: Inflammation Acute kidney injury Kidney diseases Biomarkers
Correspondence: sheilamfernandes@usp.br
Received: 01 December 2020; Accepted: 12 de April 2021; Published online: 18 October 2021